This simulation illustrates how a Zener diode modifies a sinusoidal input when connected in series with a load resistor. The input is a 1 kHz sine wave with a peak of about ±10 V. The green waveform represents the input voltage, while the red waveform shows the output taken across the 10 kΩ load. During the positive half-cycle, the Zener diode is forward-biased and behaves like a normal diode. The output follows the input waveform, reduced slightly due to the forward voltage drop. This is why th