The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

When working with TCP/IP, the model is simplified to four layers plus the physical layer as shown in Figure 2-4. This figure depicts the encapsulation process with protocol overhead down to Ethernet, ...

The data transfer in a TCP/IP network is usually block-based. From a programmer’s point of view, sending data means issuing a series of “send data block” requests. On a system level, sending an ...

Over the last several years, TCP/IP has gone from being the protocol that only geeks use, to a universal protocol that everyone uses, thanks to the widespread use of the Internet. TCP/IP has been ...

Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...

In this tutorial we will discuss the concept of Ports and how they work with IP addresses. If you have not read our article on IP addresses and need a brush up, you can find the article here. If you ...

The use of TCP/IP-based communication protocols is not a new development. As the burgeoning success of the Internet attests, TCP/IP usage is widespread. Until now, the use of TCP/IP—particularly over ...

It probably seemed like science fiction back in 1962 when a scientist from MIT and the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) named J.C.R. Licklider proposed that the United States develop a ...

Streamlining data transmission from the client to the server is an ongoing challenge, and some aspects of high-performance network transmission can be confusing. This article explores various methods ...